Here’s the 1st error:
Should be
DeploymentType (not DeplomentType)
I’d try changing that first, and if that doesn’t fix it, I’d revisit your scripts command line as I’m not certain the install command line in your script is entirely correct as you have a mix of single and double quotes without certain quotes escaped - so this may be part of the issue
Currently:
Start-ADTProcess -FilePath 'duo-win-login-5.0.0.exe' -ArgumentList '/S /V" /qn IKEY="<CompanyKey>" SKEY="<SecretKey>" HOST="<URL>" AUTOPUSH="#1" FAILOPEN="#0" SMARTCARD="#1" RDPONLY="#0"'
Let’s take the -ArgumentsList, you open a single quote before /S then open a double quote after /V then have multiple parameters with the values in a pair of double quotes, you then close the whole string with a single quote.
I suspect you may either need to escape the double quotes after the /V and then add an additonal escaped double quote before the final single quote - like this:
Start-ADTProcess -FilePath 'duo-win-login-5.0.0.exe' -ArgumentList '/S /V`" /qn IKEY="<CompanyKey>" SKEY="<SecretKey>" HOST="<URL>" AUTOPUSH="#1" FAILOPEN="#0" SMARTCARD="#1" RDPONLY="#0"`"'
or you may need to escape each parameter value 
Start-ADTProcess -FilePath 'duo-win-login-5.0.0.exe' -ArgumentList '/S /V" /qn IKEY=`"<CompanyKey>`" SKEY=`"<SecretKey>`" HOST=`"<URL>`" AUTOPUSH=`"#1`" FAILOPEN=`"#0`" SMARTCARD=`"#1`" RDPONLY=`"#0`"'
Let us know how you get on (apologies, I’m unlikely to respond now for a day or so)