At my shop we almost exclusively use the MSI's PRODUCTCODE with Start-ADTMsiProcess to uninstall.
If you look at your 3 ARP entries, All of them have the same PRODUCTCODE: {302EF432-616C-4281-94F6-D53E290D0F77}
UPDATE: When you patch an MSI, The PRODUCTCODE stays the same. You can even install an MSP with an MSI in one command line. The fact you had a separate ARP entry just for the MSP patch was a curtesy on ESRI's part but I think it added more confusion.
BTW: ESri is known to be hard to uninstall. 15+years ago, we couldn't upgrade after a "successful" uninstall of the old version because too much of the old version was still installed!
It took me 2 week to build a cleanup script.